Glucagonoma Treatment & Symptom
Glucagonoma is a tumor of the islet cells of the pancreas, which secrete the hormones insulin and glucagon. Alpha cell tumors are commonly associated with glucagonoma syndrome , though similar symptoms are present in cases of pseudoglucagonoma syndrome in the absence of a glucagon-secreting tumor. The tumours are often discovered incidentally or because of the effects of the tumour mass. Around 20% of these tumours will occur as part of the MEN-1 syndrome. They have a slow growth rate and tend to start, like carcinoids with non-specific symptoms. Symptoms may not be noted until the tumour is a certain size and in around 70% of patients there is an associated syndrome. This syndrome manifests itself in the form of red and brown marks or rash on the body and face due to the increase levels of glucagon secreted. The patient may also be diagnosed with diabetes mellitis.
Causes of Glucagonoma
Common Causes of Glucagonoma :
- The cause is unknown.
- A family history.
- Multiple endocrine neoplasia type I ( MEN I ).
Symptoms of Glucagonoma
Some common Symptoms of Glucagonoma :
- Increased appetite.
- Unintentional weight loss .
- Anemia.
- Frequent urination..
- Smooth tongue.
- Inflamed mouth and tongue .
- Glucose intolerance.
Treatment of Glucagonoma
- Surgery Surgical excision of glucagonoma achieves cure in only 30% of cases because of persistent metastases (usually liver). surgery also reduces tumor masses and associated symptoms.
- MNE Responds poorly to all types of therapy. Some cases have responded partially to zinc replacement. MNE resolves after tumor excision.
- Chemotherapy Poor response.
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